¿Cómo puedo hacer frente a "IllegalStateException: BeanFactory no se ha inicializado o ya está cerrado"?

Con Grails 2.0.0 en Tomcat 7 obtengo lo siguiente al inicio:

2011-08-21 11:10:09,758 [main] ERROR StackTrace  - Full Stack Trace:
java.lang.IllegalStateException: BeanFactory not initialized or already closed - call 'refresh' before accessing beans via the ApplicationContext
        at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.getBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:172)
        at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.containsBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1109)
        at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.web.context.GrailsContextLoader$1.run(GrailsContextLoader.java:88)
        at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.lifecycle.ShutdownOperations.runOperations(ShutdownOperations.java:62)
        at org.codehaus.groovy.grails.web.context.GrailsContextLoader.closeWebApplicationContext(GrailsContextLoader.java:136)
        at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextDestroyed(ContextLoaderListener.java:142)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStop(StandardContext.java:4763)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$4.run(StandardContext.java:5472)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.stopInternal(StandardContext.java:5481)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:225)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:153)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:812)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:787)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:607)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptor(HostConfig.java:633)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptors(HostConfig.java:558)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:468)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1322)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:311)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:119)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:89)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.setStateInternal(LifecycleBase.java:379)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.setState(LifecycleBase.java:324)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:1041)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:774)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:1033)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:291)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:443)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:727)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:145)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:620)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:303)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:431)
2011-08-21 11:10:09,761 [main] ERROR StackTrace  - Full Stack Trace:
java.lang.IllegalStateException: BeanFactory not initialized or already closed - call 'refresh' before accessing beans via the ApplicationContext
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619)

¿Cuál podría ser la causa de esto? ¿Cómo se puede resolver?

NOTA: si conoce la solución, también puede responder Error de "llamada 'actualizar'" resultante de la implementación en caliente de Grails WAR según lo publicado por un usuario diferente.

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