He actualizado la versión scala y sbt a 2.12.0 y 0.13.8 respectivamente. Ahora cada compilación falla con errores:

    java.lang.VerifyError: Uninitialized object exists on backward branch 209
    Exception Details:
      Location:
        scala/collection/immutable/HashMap$HashTrieMap.split()Lscala/collection/immutable/Seq; @249: goto
      Reason:
        Error exists in the bytecode
      Bytecode:
        0000000: 2ab6 0057 04a0 001e b200 afb2 00b4 04bd
        0000010: 0002 5903 2a53 c000 b6b6 00ba b600 bec0
        0000020: 00c0 b02a b600 31b8 003b 3c1b 04a4 015e
        0000030: 1b05 6c3d 2a1b 056c 2ab6 0031 b700 c23e
        0000040: 2ab6 0031 021d 787e 3604 2ab6 0031 0210
        0000050: 201d 647c 7e36 05bb 0014 59b2 00b4 2ab6
        0000060: 0033 c000 b6b6 00c6 b700 c91c b600 cd3a
        0000070: 0619 06c6 001a 1906 b600 d1c0 007d 3a07
        0000080: 1906 b600 d4c0 007d 3a08 a700 0dbb 00d6
        0000090: 5919 06b7 00d9 bf19 073a 0919 083a 0abb
        00000a0: 0002 5915 0419 09bb 0014 59b2 00b4 1909
        00000b0: c000 b6b6 00c6 b700 c903 b800 df3a 0e3a
        00000c0: 0d03 190d b900 e301 0019 0e3a 1136 1036
        00000d0: 0f15 0f15 109f 0027 150f 0460 1510 190d
        00000e0: 150f b900 e602 00c0 0005 3a17 1911 1917
        00000f0: b800 ea3a 1136 1036 0fa7 ffd8 1911 b800
        0000100: eeb7 005c 3a0b bb00 0259 1505 190a bb00
        0000110: 1459 b200 b419 0ac0 00b6 b600 c6b7 00c9
        0000120: 03b8 00df 3a13 3a12 0319 12b9 00e3 0100
        0000130: 1913 3a16 3615 3614 1514 1515 9f00 2715
        0000140: 1404 6015 1519 1215 14b9 00e6 0200 c000
        0000150: 053a 1819 1619 18b8 00f1 3a16 3615 3614
        0000160: a7ff d819 16b8 00ee b700 5c3a 0cb2 00f6
        0000170: b200 b405 bd00 0259 0319 0b53 5904 190c
        0000180: 53c0 00b6 b600 bab6 00f9 b02a b600 3303
        0000190: 32b6 00fb b0                           
      Stackmap Table:
        same_frame(@35)
        full_frame(@141,{Object[#2],Integer,Integer,Integer,Integer,Integer,Object[#105]},{})
        append_frame(@151,Object[#125],Object[#125])
        full_frame(@209,{Object[#2],Integer,Integer,Integer,Integer,Integer,Object[#105],Object[#125],Object[#125],Object[#125],Object[#125],Top,Top,Object[#20],Object[#55],Integer,Integer,Object[#103]},{Uninitialized[#159],Uninitialized[#159],Integer,Object[#125]})
        full_frame(@252,{Object[#2],Integer,Integer,Integer,Integer,Integer,Object[#105],Object[#125],Object[#125],Object[#125],Object[#125],Top,Top,Object[#20],Object[#55],Integer,Integer,Object[#103]},{Uninitialized[#159],Uninitialized[#159],Integer,Object[#125]})
        full_frame(@312,{Object[#2],Integer,Integer,Integer,Integer,Integer,Object[#105],Object[#125],Object[#125],Object[#125],Object[#125],Object[#2],Top,Object[#20],Object[#55],Integer,Integer,Object[#103],Object[#20],Object[#55],Integer,Integer,Object[#103]},{Uninitialized[#262],Uninitialized[#262],Integer,Object[#125]})
        full_frame(@355,{Object[#2],Integer,Integer,Integer,Integer,Integer,Object[#105],Object[#125],Object[#125],Object[#125],Object[#125],Object[#2],Top,Object[#20],Object[#55],Integer,Integer,Object[#103],Object[#20],Object[#55],Integer,Integer,Object[#103]},{Uninitialized[#262],Uninitialized[#262],Integer,Object[#125]})
        full_frame(@395,{Object[#2],Integer},{})

      at scala.collection.immutable.HashMap$.scala$collection$immutable$HashMap$makeHashTrieMap(HashMap.scala:179)
      at scala.collection.immutable.HashMap$HashMap1.updated0(HashMap.scala:211)
      at scala.collection.immutable.HashMap.$plus(HashMap.scala:59)
      at scala.collection.immutable.HashMap.$plus(HashMap.scala:62)
      at scala.collection.immutable.Map$Map4.updated(Map.scala:201)
      at scala.collection.immutable.Map$Map4.$plus(Map.scala:202)
      at scala.collection.immutable.Map$Map4.$plus(Map.scala:180)
      at scala.collection.mutable.MapBuilder.$plus$eq(MapBuilder.scala:29)
      at scala.collection.mutable.MapBuilder.$plus$eq(MapBuilder.scala:25)
      at scala.collection.generic.Growable.$anonfun$plus$plus$eq$1(Growable.scala:59)
      at scala.collection.generic.Growable$Lambda$19/924699145.apply(Unknown Source)
      at scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer.foreach(ArrayBuffer.scala:48)
      at scala.collection.generic.Growable.$plus$plus$eq(Growable.scala:59)
      at scala.collection.generic.Growable.$plus$plus$eq$(Growable.scala:50)
      at scala.collection.mutable.MapBuilder.$plus$plus$eq(MapBuilder.scala:25)
      at scala.collection.generic.GenMapFactory.apply(GenMapFactory.scala:48)
      at scala.sys.package$.env(package.scala:61)
      at scala.tools.nsc.settings.ScalaSettings.defaultClasspath(ScalaSettings.scala:30)
      at scala.tools.nsc.settings.ScalaSettings.defaultClasspath$(ScalaSettings.scala:30)
      at scala.tools.nsc.settings.MutableSettings.defaultClasspath(MutableSettings.scala:19)
      at scala.tools.nsc.settings.ScalaSettings.$init$(ScalaSettings.scala:60)
      at scala.tools.nsc.settings.MutableSettings.<init>(MutableSettings.scala:20)
      at scala.tools.nsc.Settings.<init>(Settings.scala:12)
      at scala.tools.nsc.Driver.process(Driver.scala:41)
      at scala.tools.nsc.Main.process(Main.scala)
      at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
      at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
      at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
      at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:483)
      at sbt.compiler.RawCompiler.apply(RawCompiler.scala:26)
      at sbt.compiler.AnalyzingCompiler$anonfun$compileSourcesEstoy usando jdk 1.8.0, OS X 10.11.6. Aquí ejemplo de código:$anonfun$apply$2.apply(AnalyzingCompiler.scala:146)
      at sbt.compiler.AnalyzingCompiler$anonfun$compileSourcesEstoy usando jdk 1.8.0, OS X 10.11.6. Aquí ejemplo de código:$anonfun$apply$2.apply(AnalyzingCompiler.scala:142)
      at sbt.IO$.withTemporaryDirectory(IO.scala:291)
      at sbt.compiler.AnalyzingCompiler$anonfun$compileSources$1.apply(AnalyzingCompiler.scala:142)
      at sbt.compiler.AnalyzingCompiler$anonfun$compileSources$1.apply(AnalyzingCompiler.scala:139)
      at sbt.IO$.withTemporaryDirectory(IO.scala:291)
      at sbt.compiler.AnalyzingCompiler$.compileSources(AnalyzingCompiler.scala:139)
      at sbt.compiler.ComponentCompiler$anonfun$compileAndInstall$1.apply(ComponentCompiler.scala:63)
      at sbt.compiler.ComponentCompiler$anonfun$compileAndInstall$1.apply(ComponentCompiler.scala:60)
      at sbt.IO$.withTemporaryDirectory(IO.scala:291)
      at sbt.compiler.ComponentCompiler.compileAndInstall(ComponentCompiler.scala:60)
      at sbt.compiler.ComponentCompiler$anonfun$getLocallyCompiled$1.apply$mcV$sp(ComponentCompiler.scala:50)
      at sbt.IfMissing$Define.apply(ComponentManager.scala:75)
      at sbt.ComponentManager.sbt$ComponentManager$createAndCache$1(ComponentManager.scala:39)
      at sbt.ComponentManager$anonfun$sbt$ComponentManager$fromGlobalEstoy usando jdk 1.8.0, OS X 10.11.6. Aquí ejemplo de código:1.apply(ComponentManager.scala:27)
      at sbt.ComponentManager$anonfun$sbt$ComponentManager$fromGlobalEstoy usando jdk 1.8.0, OS X 10.11.6. Aquí ejemplo de código:1.apply(ComponentManager.scala:26)
      at sbt.ComponentManager$anon$1.call(ComponentManager.scala:50)
      at xsbt.boot.Locks$GlobalLock.withChannel$1(Locks.scala:93)
      at xsbt.boot.Locks$GlobalLock.xsbt$boot$Locks$GlobalLock$withChannelRetries$1(Locks.scala:78)
      at xsbt.boot.Locks$GlobalLock$anonfun$withFileLock$1.apply(Locks.scala:97)
      at xsbt.boot.Using$.withResource(Using.scala:10)
      at xsbt.boot.Using$.apply(Using.scala:9)
      at xsbt.boot.Locks$GlobalLock.ignoringDeadlockAvoided(Locks.scala:58)
      at xsbt.boot.Locks$GlobalLock.withLock(Locks.scala:48)
      at xsbt.boot.Locks$.apply0(Locks.scala:31)
      at xsbt.boot.Locks$.apply(Locks.scala:28)
      at sbt.ComponentManager.lock(ComponentManager.scala:50)
      at sbt.ComponentManager.lockGlobalCache(ComponentManager.scala:49)
      at sbt.ComponentManager.sbt$ComponentManager$fromGlobal$1(ComponentManager.scala:25)
      at sbt.ComponentManager$anonfun$filesEstoy usando jdk 1.8.0, OS X 10.11.6. Aquí ejemplo de código:$anonfun$apply$2.apply(ComponentManager.scala:44)
      at sbt.ComponentManager$anonfun$filesEstoy usando jdk 1.8.0, OS X 10.11.6. Aquí ejemplo de código:$anonfun$apply$2.apply(ComponentManager.scala:44)
      at sbt.ComponentManager.sbt$ComponentManager$getOrElse$1(ComponentManager.scala:32)
      at sbt.ComponentManager$anonfun$files$1.apply(ComponentManager.scala:44)
      at sbt.ComponentManager$anonfun$files$1.apply(ComponentManager.scala:44)
      at sbt.ComponentManager$anon$1.call(ComponentManager.scala:50)
      at xsbt.boot.Locks$GlobalLock.withChannel$1(Locks.scala:93)
      at xsbt.boot.Locks$GlobalLock.xsbt$boot$Locks$GlobalLock$withChannelRetries$1(Locks.scala:78)
      at xsbt.boot.Locks$GlobalLock$anonfun$withFileLock$1.apply(Locks.scala:97)
      at xsbt.boot.Using$.withResource(Using.scala:10)
      at xsbt.boot.Using$.apply(Using.scala:9)
      at xsbt.boot.Locks$GlobalLock.ignoringDeadlockAvoided(Locks.scala:58)
      at xsbt.boot.Locks$GlobalLock.withLock(Locks.scala:48)
      at xsbt.boot.Locks$.apply0(Locks.scala:31)
      at xsbt.boot.Locks$.apply(Locks.scala:28)
      at sbt.ComponentManager.lock(ComponentManager.scala:50)
      at sbt.ComponentManager.lockLocalCache(ComponentManager.scala:47)
      at sbt.ComponentManager.files(ComponentManager.scala:44)
      at sbt.ComponentManager.file(ComponentManager.scala:53)
      at sbt.compiler.ComponentCompiler.getLocallyCompiled(ComponentCompiler.scala:50)
      at sbt.compiler.ComponentCompiler.apply(ComponentCompiler.scala:36)
      at sbt.compiler.ComponentCompiler$anon$1.apply(ComponentCompiler.scala:23)
      at sbt.compiler.AnalyzingCompiler.loader(AnalyzingCompiler.scala:112)
      at sbt.compiler.AnalyzingCompiler.getInterfaceClass(AnalyzingCompiler.scala:117)
      at sbt.compiler.AnalyzingCompiler.call(AnalyzingCompiler.scala:98)
      at sbt.compiler.AnalyzingCompiler.newCachedCompiler(AnalyzingCompiler.scala:56)
      at sbt.compiler.AnalyzingCompiler.newCachedCompiler(AnalyzingCompiler.scala:51)
      at sbt.compiler.CompilerCache$anon$2.apply(CompilerCache.scala:47)
      at sbt.compiler.AnalyzingCompiler.compile(AnalyzingCompiler.scala:39)
      at sbt.compiler.MixedAnalyzingCompiler$anonfun$compileScalaEstoy usando jdk 1.8.0, OS X 10.11.6. Aquí ejemplo de código:1.apply$mcV$sp(MixedAnalyzingCompiler.scala:51)
      at sbt.compiler.MixedAnalyzingCompiler$anonfun$compileScalaEstoy usando jdk 1.8.0, OS X 10.11.6. Aquí ejemplo de código:1.apply(MixedAnalyzingCompiler.scala:51)
      at sbt.compiler.MixedAnalyzingCompiler$anonfun$compileScalaEstoy usando jdk 1.8.0, OS X 10.11.6. Aquí ejemplo de código:1.apply(MixedAnalyzingCompiler.scala:51)
      at sbt.compiler.MixedAnalyzingCompiler.timed(MixedAnalyzingCompiler.scala:75)
      at sbt.compiler.MixedAnalyzingCompiler.compileScala$1(MixedAnalyzingCompiler.scala:50)
      at sbt.compiler.MixedAnalyzingCompiler.compile(MixedAnalyzingCompiler.scala:65)
      at sbt.compiler.IC$anonfun$compileInternal$1.apply(IncrementalCompiler.scala:160)
      at sbt.compiler.IC$anonfun$compileInternal$1.apply(IncrementalCompiler.scala:160)
      at sbt.inc.IncrementalCompile$anonfun$doCompile$1.apply(Compile.scala:66)
      at sbt.inc.IncrementalCompile$anonfun$doCompile$1.apply(Compile.scala:64)
      at sbt.inc.IncrementalCommon.cycle(IncrementalCommon.scala:31)
      at sbt.inc.Incremental$anonfun$1.apply(Incremental.scala:62)
      at sbt.inc.Incremental$anonfun$1.apply(Incremental.scala:61)
      at sbt.inc.Incremental$.manageClassfiles(Incremental.scala:89)
      at sbt.inc.Incremental$.compile(Incremental.scala:61)
      at sbt.inc.IncrementalCompile$.apply(Compile.scala:54)
      at sbt.compiler.IC$.compileInternal(IncrementalCompiler.scala:160)
      at sbt.compiler.IC$.incrementalCompile(IncrementalCompiler.scala:138)
      at sbt.Compiler$.compile(Compiler.scala:128)
      at sbt.Compiler$.compile(Compiler.scala:114)
      at sbt.Defaults$.sbt$Defaults$compileIncrementalTaskImpl(Defaults.scala:814)
      at sbt.Defaults$anonfun$compileIncrementalTask$1.apply(Defaults.scala:805)
      at sbt.Defaults$anonfun$compileIncrementalTask$1.apply(Defaults.scala:803)
      at scala.Function1$anonfun$compose$1.apply(Function1.scala:47)
      at sbt.$tilde$greater$anonfun$u2219$1.apply(TypeFunctions.scala:40)
      at sbt.std.Transform$anon$4.work(System.scala:63)
      at sbt.Execute$anonfun$submitEstoy usando jdk 1.8.0, OS X 10.11.6. Aquí ejemplo de código:$anonfun$apply$1.apply(Execute.scala:226)
      at sbt.Execute$anonfun$submitEstoy usando jdk 1.8.0, OS X 10.11.6. Aquí ejemplo de código:$anonfun$apply$1.apply(Execute.scala:226)
      at sbt.ErrorHandling$.wideConvert(ErrorHandling.scala:17)
      at sbt.Execute.work(Execute.scala:235)
      at sbt.Execute$anonfun$submit$1.apply(Execute.scala:226)
      at sbt.Execute$anonfun$submit$1.apply(Execute.scala:226)
      at sbt.ConcurrentRestrictions$anon¿Puedes pegar tu build.sbt?$anonfun$1.apply(ConcurrentRestrictions.scala:159)
      at sbt.CompletionService$anon$2.call(CompletionService.scala:28)
      at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
      at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:511)
      at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
      at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
      at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
      at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

Estoy usando jdk 1.8.0, OS X 10.11.6. Aquí ejemplo de código:

    object Main {
      def main(args: Array[String]) {
        println("test")
      }
    }

El mismo código se construyó bien con scala 2.10

UPD: build.sbt para la versión 2.12

 name := "hello_world_3"

 version := "1.0"

 scalaVersion := "2.12.0"