La ruta de la biblioteca ld no funciona en OS X 10.9

Question

Aug 19, 2014, 12:31 AM

La ruta de la biblioteca ld no funciona en OS X 10.9

He estado tratando de entender por quég++ no puede vincular un programa con elarmadillo biblioteca. El problema es simple:

macbook-pro:arma-xc jmlopez$ g++-4.9 inputs-arma.cpp -larmadillo
ld: library not found for -larmadillo
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

Quizás especifiqué dónde debería estar la biblioteca

macbook-pro:arma-xc jmlopez$ ls -l /usr/lib/libarma*
-rwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel  37928 Aug 18 14:30 /usr/lib/libarmadillo.4.32.2.dylib
lrwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel     25 Aug 18 14:30 /usr/lib/libarmadillo.4.dylib -> libarmadillo.4.32.2.dylib
lrwxr-xr-x  1 root  wheel     20 Aug 18 14:30 /usr/lib/libarmadillo.dylib -> libarmadillo.4.dylib

Intentemos de nuevo

macbook-pro:arma-xc jmlopez$ g++-4.9 -L/usr/lib inputs-arma.cpp -larmadillo
ld: library not found for -larmadillo
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

Ok, eso no lo solucionó. Veamos qué está pasando, para esto usaremos el-v opción que generará una salida larga.

macbook-pro:arma-xc jmlopez$ g++-4.9 -L/usr/lib inputs-arma.cpp -larmadillo -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=g++-4.9
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/4.9.1/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0/4.9.1/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0
Configured with: ../configure --build=x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0 --prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/4.9.1 --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,fortran --program-suffix=-4.9 --with-gmp=/usr/local/opt/gmp --with-mpfr=/usr/local/opt/mpfr --with-mpc=/usr/local/opt/libmpc --with-cloog=/usr/local/opt/cloog --with-isl=/usr/local/opt/isl --with-system-zlib --enable-version-specific-runtime-libs --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --enable-stage1-checking --enable-checking=release --enable-lto --disable-werror --with-pkgversion='Homebrew gcc 4.9.1' --with-bugurl=https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/issues --enable-plugin --disable-nls --enable-multilib --with-native-system-header-dir=/usr/include --with-sysroot=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.9.1 (Homebrew gcc 4.9.1) 
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-mmacosx-version-min=10.9.3' '-L/usr/lib' '-v' '-shared-libgcc' '-mtune=core2'
 /usr/local/Cellar/gcc/4.9.1/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0/4.9.1/cc1plus -quiet -v -D__DYNAMIC__ inputs-arma.cpp -fPIC -quiet -dumpbase inputs-arma.cpp -mmacosx-version-min=10.9.3 -mtune=core2 -auxbase inputs-arma -version -o /var/folders/6x/ss29s2r51z5cv0_g1ffx0c0c0000gn/T//ccApA95Q.s
GNU C++ (Homebrew gcc 4.9.1) version 4.9.1 (x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0)
    compiled by GNU C version 4.9.1, GMP version 6.0.0, MPFR version 3.1.2-p8, MPC version 1.0.2
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
ignoring nonexistent directory "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/usr/local/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/4.9.1/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0/4.9.1/../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/Library/Frameworks"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 /Users/jmlopez/github/excentury/excentury/extern/include
 /usr/include
 /usr/local/Cellar/gcc/4.9.1/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0/4.9.1/include/c++
 /usr/local/Cellar/gcc/4.9.1/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0/4.9.1/include/c++/x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0
 /usr/local/Cellar/gcc/4.9.1/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0/4.9.1/include/c++/backward
 /usr/local/Cellar/gcc/4.9.1/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0/4.9.1/include
 /usr/local/Cellar/gcc/4.9.1/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0/4.9.1/include-fixed
 /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/usr/include
 /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks
End of search list.
GNU C++ (Homebrew gcc 4.9.1) version 4.9.1 (x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0)
    compiled by GNU C version 4.9.1, GMP version 6.0.0, MPFR version 3.1.2-p8, MPC version 1.0.2
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
Compiler executable checksum: 5a051bcf2be886a5c6eb8ba33f338693
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-mmacosx-version-min=10.9.3' '-L/usr/lib' '-v' '-shared-libgcc' '-mtune=core2'
 as -arch x86_64 -force_cpusubtype_ALL -o /var/folders/6x/ss29s2r51z5cv0_g1ffx0c0c0000gn/T//cchm9rVF.o /var/folders/6x/ss29s2r51z5cv0_g1ffx0c0c0000gn/T//ccApA95Q.s
COMPILER_PATH=/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/4.9.1/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0/4.9.1/:/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/4.9.1/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0/4.9.1/:/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/4.9.1/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0/:/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/4.9.1/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0/4.9.1/:/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/4.9.1/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0/
LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/:/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/4.9.1/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0/4.9.1/:/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/4.9.1/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0/4.9.1/../../../:/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/usr/lib/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-mmacosx-version-min=10.9.3' '-L/usr/lib' '-v' '-shared-libgcc' '-mtune=core2'
 /usr/local/Cellar/gcc/4.9.1/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0/4.9.1/collect2 -dynamic -arch x86_64 -macosx_version_min 10.9.3 -syslibroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk -weak_reference_mismatches non-weak -o a.out -L/usr/lib -L/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/4.9.1/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0/4.9.1 -L/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/4.9.1/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0/4.9.1/../../.. -L/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/usr/lib /var/folders/6x/ss29s2r51z5cv0_g1ffx0c0c0000gn/T//cchm9rVF.o -larmadillo -lstdc++ -no_compact_unwind -lSystem -lgcc_ext.10.5 -lgcc -lSystem -v
collect2 version 4.9.1
/usr/bin/ld -dynamic -arch x86_64 -macosx_version_min 10.9.3 -syslibroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk -weak_reference_mismatches non-weak -o a.out -L/usr/lib -L/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/4.9.1/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0/4.9.1 -L/usr/local/Cellar/gcc/4.9.1/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0/4.9.1/../../.. -L/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/usr/lib /var/folders/6x/ss29s2r51z5cv0_g1ffx0c0c0000gn/T//cchm9rVF.o -larmadillo -lstdc++ -no_compact_unwind -lSystem -lgcc_ext.10.5 -lgcc -lSystem -v
@(#)PROGRAM:ld  PROJECT:ld64-236.4
configured to support archs: armv6 armv7 armv7s arm64 i386 x86_64 armv6m armv7m armv7em
Library search paths:
    /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/usr/lib
    /usr/local/Cellar/gcc/4.9.1/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0/4.9.1
    /usr/local/Cellar/gcc/4.9.1/lib
    /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/usr/lib
    /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/usr/lib
Framework search paths:
    /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/
ld: library not found for -larmadillo
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

La información importante está aquí:

Library search paths:
    /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/usr/lib
    /usr/local/Cellar/gcc/4.9.1/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0/4.9.1
    /usr/local/Cellar/gcc/4.9.1/lib
    /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/usr/lib
    /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/usr/lib

De alguna manera no está mirando hacia adentro/usr/lib. He intentado especificar este directorio exportando primero la variableLD_LIBRARY_PATH

macbook-pro:arma-xc jmlopez$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib
macbook-pro:arma-xc jmlopez$ g++-4.9 -L/usr/lib inputs-arma.cpp -larmadillo
ld: library not found for -larmadillo
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

Sin suerte. Finalmente, pensando queld podría estar roto hice esto:

macbook-pro:arma-xc jmlopez$ ln -s /usr/lib/libarmadillo.dylib /usr/local/Cellar/gcc/4.9.1/lib/libarmadillo.dylib
macbook-pro:arma-xc jmlopez$ g++-4.9 inputs-arma.cpp -larmadillo

Ahora funciona. No estoy seguro de si hay algún problema con mi sistema, pero parece que no tengo forma de especificar otras rutas parald para buscar mis bibliotecas. En cambio, tengo que usar cualquiera de los siguientes:

Library search paths:
    /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/usr/lib
    /usr/local/Cellar/gcc/4.9.1/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0/4.9.1
    /usr/local/Cellar/gcc/4.9.1/lib
    /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/usr/lib
    /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/usr/lib

¿Hay alguna manera de arreglar esto? Tenga en cuenta que estoy usando elg++ de homebrew ya que pensé que el que venía con xcode estaba roto. En cualquier caso, sin suerte, al menos la cerveza caserag++ me dijo los caminos donde se estaba buscando la biblioteca.

Actualizar:

Decidí ver si podía agregar otra ruta:

g++-4.9 -L/Users/jmlopez/ -L/Users/jmlopez/Desktop -L/usr/lib inputs-arma.cpp -larmadillo -v

Ahora la lista de rutas donde busca las bibliotecas es:

Library search paths:
    /Users/jmlopez/
    /Users/jmlopez/Desktop
    /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/usr/lib
    /usr/local/Cellar/gcc/4.9.1/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin13.3.0/4.9.1
    /usr/local/Cellar/gcc/4.9.1/lib
    /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/usr/lib
    /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/usr/lib

Dónde está/usr/lib? ¿Qué tiene de especial este directorio queld se niega a buscar en este directorio. Busca en mi directorio personal y en mi escritorio. Traté de agregar/usr/local y lo agrega a la lista de directorios. Ahora estoy empezando a preguntarme acerca de los permisos en los directorios ... ¿Alguna idea?