. Hola, como joven desarrollador de Android, estaba buscando una forma de obtener una respuesta JSON de un servidor. Empecé a mirar AsyncTask, pero no me siento cómodo para codificar una AsyncTask por cada vez que necesitaba pedir un servicio web.

Luego comencé a codificar una clase (extiende AsyncTask) que consulta una URL (POST o GET) y proporciona una devolución de llamada que contiene la respuesta del servidor. Quería tener algunos comentarios, ¿es realmente útil y no una superposición inútil de una AsyncTask porque no entendí algo al principio? Cuanto más lo codifico, más dudo.

Gracias de antemano por su colaboración.

Aquí está el código que uso para consultar un servidor con mi clase:

HashMap<String, String> parameters = new HashMap<String, String>();
parameters.put("address", "sidney");
parameters.put("sensor", "false");

WebServiceAsyncTask asyncWS = new WebServiceAsyncTask(MainActivity.this);
asyncWS.setParameters(parameters);
asyncWS.execute(
        "http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/geocode/json",
        WebServiceAsyncTask.GET,
        new WebServiceAsyncTaskCallback() {
            @Override
            void callbackMethod(String result) {
                Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), result, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
);

Aquí está el código de mi WebServiceAsyncTask:

import android.app.ProgressDialog;
import android.content.Context;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.StatusLine;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HTTP;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Anthony Raymond
 */
public class WebServiceAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<Object, String, String> {
    public static final String GET = "GET";
    public static final String POST = "POST";

    private static final String PROGRESS_TEXT_PREPARING = "Preparing request";
    private static final String PROGRESS_PERCENT_PREPARING = "25";
    private static final String PROGRESS_TEXT_CONNECTION_SERVER = "Connecting to the server";
    private static final String PROGRESS_PERCENT_CONNECTION_SERVER = "50";
    private static final String PROGRESS_TEXT_PARSING = "Parsing received data";
    private static final String PROGRESS_PERCENT_PARSING = "75";
    private static final String PROGRESS_TEXT_END = "Process ended";
    private static final String PROGRESS_PERCENT_END = "100";


    private Context context;
    private HashMap<String, String> mData = new HashMap<String, String>();
    private ProgressDialog progressDialog;


    private WebServiceAsyncTaskCallback callbackClass;

    /**
     * If a Context is passed, a ProgressDialog will be displayed
     * NEED TO PASS Context LIKE THIS :
     * MyActivity.this
     * DO NOT USE getApplicationContext()
     * @param applicationContext
     */
    public WebServiceAsyncTask(Context applicationContext)
    {
        this.context = applicationContext;
    }

    /**
     * Create a WebServiceAsyncTask.
     * Usage : add request parameter by passing an HashMap<String, String> with the setParameter Method, then call
     * .execute(String url, WebServiceAsyncTask constant (GET or SET), WebServiceAsyncTaskCallback callback)
     * exemple :
     * HashMap<String, String> parameters = new HashMap<String, String>();
     * parameters.put("address", "Sidney");
     * parameters.put("sensor", "false");
     * WebServiceAsyncTask asyncWS = new WebServiceAsyncTask(MainActivity.this);
     * asyncWS.setParameters(parameters);
     * asyncWS.execute(
     *      "http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/geocode/json",
     *      WebServiceAsyncTask.GET,
     *      new WebServiceAsyncTaskCallback() {
     *          @Override
     *          void callbackMethod(String result) {
     *              Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), result, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
     *          }
     *      }
     * );
     */
    public WebServiceAsyncTask()
    {
        this.context = null;
    }

    private void prepareProgressDialog()
    {
        if (this.context != null)
        {
            this.progressDialog = new ProgressDialog(this.context);
            this.progressDialog.setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_HORIZONTAL);
            this.progressDialog.setCancelable(true);
            this.progressDialog.setTitle("Please Wait...");
            this.progressDialog.setMessage(PROGRESS_TEXT_PREPARING);
            this.progressDialog.setProgress(Integer.parseInt(PROGRESS_PERCENT_PREPARING));
        }
    }
    private String getPostResponse(String url)
    {
        byte[] result;
        String str = "";
        HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();

        HttpPost http = new HttpPost(url);
        // set up post data
        List<NameValuePair> nameValuePair = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
        for (String key : this.mData.keySet()) {
            nameValuePair.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, this.mData.get(key)));
        }

        UrlEncodedFormEntity urlEncodedFormEntity;
        try
        {

            urlEncodedFormEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePair);
            http.setEntity(urlEncodedFormEntity);
            this.publishProgress(PROGRESS_TEXT_CONNECTION_SERVER, PROGRESS_PERCENT_CONNECTION_SERVER);
            HttpResponse response = client.execute(http);
            StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();

            if(statusLine.getStatusCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK)
            {
                this.publishProgress(PROGRESS_TEXT_PARSING, PROGRESS_PERCENT_PARSING);
                result  = EntityUtils.toByteArray(response.getEntity());
                str     = new String(result, HTTP.UTF_8);
            }
        }
        catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return str;
    }
    private String getGetResponse(String url)
    {
        byte[] result;
        String str = "";
        HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();

        try
        {
            // set up get data and URL
            Uri.Builder uri = Uri.parse(url).buildUpon();

            for (String key : this.mData.keySet()) {
                uri.appendQueryParameter(key, this.mData.get(key));
            }

            HttpGet http = new HttpGet(String.valueOf(uri));
            this.publishProgress(PROGRESS_TEXT_CONNECTION_SERVER, PROGRESS_PERCENT_CONNECTION_SERVER);
            HttpResponse response = client.execute(http);
            StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();

            if(statusLine.getStatusCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK)
            {
                this.publishProgress(PROGRESS_TEXT_PARSING, PROGRESS_PERCENT_PARSING);
                result  = EntityUtils.toByteArray(response.getEntity());
                str     = new String(result, HTTP.UTF_8);
            }
        }
        catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return str;
    }
    public void setParameters(HashMap<String, String> httpRequestParameters)
    {
        this.mData = httpRequestParameters;
    }



    @Override
    protected String doInBackground(Object... params)
    {
        // Ensure that we got, URL, http method and Callback
        if (params.length != 3)
        {
            this.cancel(true);
        }
        else
        {
            if ((params[2] instanceof WebServiceAsyncTaskCallback))
            {
                this.callbackClass = ((WebServiceAsyncTaskCallback)params[2]);
            }
            else
            {
                this.cancel(true);
            }
            try {
                URL url = new URL((String)params[0]);
            } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
                this.callbackClass.onError("First param must be a valid URL. (" + params[0] + " given)");
                this.cancel(true);
            }
            if (!((String)params[1]).equals(POST) && !((String)params[1]).equals(GET))
            {
                this.callbackClass.onError("Second parameters must be " + this.getClass().getName() + " POST or GET constant");
                this.cancel(true);
            }
        }

        String str          = "";

        //IS OUR REQUEST A POST
        if (params.length > 1)
        {
            if (((String)params[1]).toUpperCase().equals(WebServiceAsyncTask.POST))
            {
                str = getPostResponse(((String)params[0]));
            }
            else if(((String)params[1]).toUpperCase().equals(WebServiceAsyncTask.GET)) //THEN GET
            {
                str = getGetResponse(((String)params[0]));
            }
        }

        return str;
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPostExecute(String result)
    {
        this.mData = null;

        if (this.context != null)
        {
            this.publishProgress(PROGRESS_TEXT_END, PROGRESS_PERCENT_END);
            this.progressDialog.dismiss();
        }
        if (this.callbackClass != null)
        {
            this.callbackClass.callbackMethod(result);
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPreExecute()
    {
        if (this.context != null)
        {
            this.prepareProgressDialog();
            this.progressDialog.show();
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onProgressUpdate(String... values) {
        if (this.context != null)
        {
            this.progressDialog.setMessage(values[0]);
            this.progressDialog.setProgress(Integer.parseInt(values[1]));
        }
    }


}

/**
 * Allow to easily get the server response
 */
abstract class WebServiceAsyncTaskCallback{
    /**
     * Return the server response as String
     * @param result server response as a String
     */
    abstract void callbackMethod(String result);

    /**
     * This method is design to report simple errors for development phase.
     * @param errMessage contains error message
     */
    protected void onError(String errMessage){};

    ;
}