Ich habe zwei Fragen zur Implementierung vonstrlen imstring.h in glibc.

Die Implementierung verwendet eine magische Zahl mit 'Löchern'. Ich kann nicht verstehen, wie das funktioniert. Kann mir bitte jemand helfen, dieses Snippet zu verstehen:

size_t
strlen (const char *str)
{
   const char *char_ptr;
   const unsigned long int *longword_ptr;
   unsigned long int longword, himagic, lomagic;

   /* Handle the first few characters by reading one character at a time.
      Do this until CHAR_PTR is aligned on a longword boundary.  */
   for (char_ptr = str; ((unsigned long int) char_ptr
             & (sizeof (longword) - 1)) != 0;
        ++char_ptr)
     if (*char_ptr == '\0')
       return char_ptr - str;

   /* All these elucidatory comments refer to 4-byte longwords,
      but the theory applies equally well to 8-byte longwords.  */

   longword_ptr = (unsigned long int *) char_ptr;

   /* Bits 31, 24, 16, and 8 of this number are zero.  Call these bits
      the "holes."  Note that there is a hole just to the left of
      each byte, with an extra at the end:

      bits:  01111110 11111110 11111110 11111111
      bytes: AAAAAAAA BBBBBBBB CCCCCCCC DDDDDDDD

      The 1-bits make sure that carries propagate to the next 0-bit.
      The 0-bits provide holes for carries to fall into.  */

    himagic = 0x80808080L;
       lomagic = 0x01010101L;
       if (sizeof (longword) > 4)
       {
           /* 64-bit version of the magic.  */
           /* Do the shift in two steps to avoid a warning if long has 32 bits.  */
           himagic = ((himagic << 16) << 16) | himagic;
             lomagic = ((lomagic << 16) << 16) | lomagic;
         }
       if (sizeof (longword) > 8)
         abort ();

       /* Instead of the traditional loop which tests each character,
          we will test a longword at a time.  The tricky part is testing
          if *any of the four* bytes in the longword in question are zero.  */
       for (;;)
         {
           longword = *longword_ptr++;

           if (((longword - lomagic) & ~longword & himagic) != 0)
         {
           /* Which of the bytes was the zero?  If none of them were, it was
              a misfire; continue the search.  */

           const char *cp = (const char *) (longword_ptr - 1);

           if (cp[0] == 0)
             return cp - str;
           if (cp[1] == 0)
             return cp - str + 1;
           if (cp[2] == 0)
             return cp - str + 2;
           if (cp[3] == 0)
             return cp - str + 3;
           if (sizeof (longword) > 4)
             {
               if (cp[4] == 0)
             return cp - str + 4;
               if (cp[5] == 0)
             return cp - str + 5;
               if (cp[6] == 0)
             return cp - str + 6;
     if (cp[7] == 0)
      return cp - str + 7;
}}}

Wofür wird die magische Zahl verwendet?

Warum Zeiger nicht einfach inkrementieren, bis das Zeichen NULL und der Rückgabewert erreicht sind? Ist dieser Ansatz schneller? Wieso ist es so