Wir wissen, dass kostenlose Monaden nützlich sind, und Pakete mögenBetriebsbereit Machen Sie es einfach, neue Monaden zu definieren, indem Sie sich nur um die anwendungsspezifischen Effekte kümmern, nicht um die monadische Struktur selbst.

Wir können leicht "freie Pfeile" definieren, analog wie freie Monaden definiert sind:

{-# LANGUAGE GADTs #-}
module FreeA
       ( FreeA, effect
       ) where

import Prelude hiding ((.), id)
import Control.Category
import Control.Arrow
import Control.Applicative
import Data.Monoid

data FreeA eff a b where
    Pure :: (a -> b) -> FreeA eff a b
    Effect :: eff a b -> FreeA eff a b
    Seq :: FreeA eff a b -> FreeA eff b c -> FreeA eff a c
    Par :: FreeA eff a₁ b₁ -> FreeA eff a₂ b₂ -> FreeA eff (a₁, a₂) (b₁, b₂)

effect :: eff a b -> FreeA eff a b
effect = Effect

instance Category (FreeA eff) where
    id = Pure id
    (.) = flip Seq

instance Arrow (FreeA eff) where
    arr = Pure
    first f = Par f id
    second f = Par id f
    (***) = Par

Meine Frage ist, was wäre die nützlichste generische Operation für freie Pfeile? Für meine spezielle Anwendung benötigte ich spezielle Fälle von diesen zwei:

{-# LANGUAGE Rank2Types #-}
{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
analyze :: forall f eff a₀ b₀ r. (Applicative f, Monoid r)
        => (forall a b. eff a b -> f r)
        -> FreeA eff a₀ b₀ -> f r
analyze visit = go
  where
    go :: forall a b. FreeA eff a b -> f r
    go arr = case arr of
        Pure _ -> pure mempty
        Seq f₁ f₂ -> mappend <
{-# LANGUAGE Rank2Types #-}
{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
analyze :: forall f eff a₀ b₀ r. (Applicative f, Monoid r)
        => (forall a b. eff a b -> f r)
        -> FreeA eff a₀ b₀ -> f r
analyze visit = go
  where
    go :: forall a b. FreeA eff a b -> f r
    go arr = case arr of
        Pure _ -> pure mempty
        Seq f₁ f₂ -> mappend <$> go f₁ <*> go f₂
        Par f₁ f₂ -> mappend <$> go f₁ <*> go f₂
        Effect eff -> visit eff

evalA :: forall eff arr a₀ b₀. (Arrow arr) => (forall a b. eff a b -> arr a b) -> FreeA eff a₀ b₀ -> arr a₀ b₀
evalA exec = go
  where
    go :: forall a b. FreeA eff a b -> arr a b
    go freeA = case freeA of
        Pure f -> arr f
        Seq f₁ f₂ -> go f₂ . go f₁
        Par f₁ f₂ -> go f₁ *** go f₂
        Effect eff -> exec eff
gt; go f₁ <*> go f₂
        Par f₁ f₂ -> mappend <
{-# LANGUAGE Rank2Types #-}
{-# LANGUAGE ScopedTypeVariables #-}
analyze :: forall f eff a₀ b₀ r. (Applicative f, Monoid r)
        => (forall a b. eff a b -> f r)
        -> FreeA eff a₀ b₀ -> f r
analyze visit = go
  where
    go :: forall a b. FreeA eff a b -> f r
    go arr = case arr of
        Pure _ -> pure mempty
        Seq f₁ f₂ -> mappend <$> go f₁ <*> go f₂
        Par f₁ f₂ -> mappend <$> go f₁ <*> go f₂
        Effect eff -> visit eff

evalA :: forall eff arr a₀ b₀. (Arrow arr) => (forall a b. eff a b -> arr a b) -> FreeA eff a₀ b₀ -> arr a₀ b₀
evalA exec = go
  where
    go :: forall a b. FreeA eff a b -> arr a b
    go freeA = case freeA of
        Pure f -> arr f
        Seq f₁ f₂ -> go f₂ . go f₁
        Par f₁ f₂ -> go f₁ *** go f₂
        Effect eff -> exec eff
gt; go f₁ <*> go f₂
        Effect eff -> visit eff

evalA :: forall eff arr a₀ b₀. (Arrow arr) => (forall a b. eff a b -> arr a b) -> FreeA eff a₀ b₀ -> arr a₀ b₀
evalA exec = go
  where
    go :: forall a b. FreeA eff a b -> arr a b
    go freeA = case freeA of
        Pure f -> arr f
        Seq f₁ f₂ -> go f₂ . go f₁
        Par f₁ f₂ -> go f₁ *** go f₂
        Effect eff -> exec eff

aber ich habe keine theoretischen Argumente, warum diese (und nicht andere) die nützlichen wären.