Não possopacote mvn com a amostra mínima abaixo. O Eclipse (Mars.2 Release 4.5.2) compila e tece sem problemas.

O que tenho que fazer para que funcione?

A saída:

[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ test ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding Cp1252, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 2 source files to ...\workspace\test\target\classes
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] COMPILATION ERROR : 
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] .../workspace/test/src/main/java/test/Foo.java:[6,21] cannot find symbol
  symbol: method doSomethingInjected()

Uma classe de amostra:

package test;

public class Foo {
    public void bar() {
        this.doSomethingInjected();
    }
}

Interface de amostra:

package test;

public interface Injectable { }

aspecto:

package test;

public aspect Injection {

    declare parents : test..* implements Injectable;

    public void Injectable.doSomethingInjected() {
        System.out.println("done");
    }
}

pom.xml (partes relevantes conformedoc de uso do aspectj-maven-plugin)

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>test</groupId>
    <artifactId>test</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
            <version>1.8.9</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
                <artifactId>aspectj-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>1.9</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>compile</goal>
                            <goal>test-compile</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>