He definido una clase genérica que deriva de BindingList y tiene una clase anidada no genérica:

class Generic<T> : BindingList<Generic<T>.Inner>
{
    public class Inner
    {
        public object Foo { get; set; }
    }
}

A StackOverflowException se produce en mscorlib al intentar acceder a laValue propiedad a través de una referencia dinámica como tal:

dynamic d = new Generic<string>.Inner();
var value = d.Foo; // StackOverflowException

var value = d.Bar    // StackOverflowException as well, not a 
                     // 'RuntimeBinderException' like you would expect when
                     // trying to access a non-existing member

Esta es la reproducción más pequeña que pude hacer.

Derivar de BindingList es un detalle importante, si lo cambio a unList El programa se ejecuta correctamente.

¿Por qué pasó esto?

Editar:

Esta es la parte superior de la pila de llamadas:

[Managed to Native Transition]  
mscorlib.dll!System.RuntimeTypeHandle.Instantiate(System.Type[] inst)   
mscorlib.dll!System.RuntimeType.MakeGenericType(System.Type[] instantiation)    
Microsoft.CSharp.dll!Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.Semantics.CType.CalculateAssociatedSystemTypeForAggregate(Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.Semantics.AggregateType aggtype)   
Microsoft.CSharp.dll!Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.Semantics.CType.CalculateAssociatedSystemType(Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.Semantics.CType src)   
Microsoft.CSharp.dll!Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.Semantics.CType.AssociatedSystemType.get()  
Microsoft.CSharp.dll!Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.Semantics.TypeManager.GetAggregate(Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.Semantics.AggregateSymbol agg, Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.Semantics.AggregateType atsOuter, Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.Semantics.TypeArray typeArgs)  
Microsoft.CSharp.dll!Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.Semantics.TypeManager.GetAggregate(Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.Semantics.AggregateSymbol agg, Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.Semantics.TypeArray typeArgsAll)    
Microsoft.CSharp.dll!Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.Semantics.TypeManager.GetAggregate(Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.Semantics.AggregateSymbol agg, Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.Semantics.TypeArray typeArgsAll)    
Microsoft.CSharp.dll!Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.Semantics.TypeManager.SubstTypeCore(Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.Semantics.CType type, Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.Semantics.SubstContext pctx)    
Microsoft.CSharp.dll!Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.Semantics.TypeManager.SubstTypeArray(Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.Semantics.TypeArray taSrc, Microsoft.CSharp.RuntimeBinder.Semantics.SubstContext pctx)