Я начал изучать ffmpeg несколько слабых назад. На данный момент я могу транскодировать любое видео в mp4 с помощью кодека h264 / AVC. Основная схема примерно такая:

-открытый ввод -demux -decode -encode -mux

Фактический код ниже:

#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
extern "C" 
{

#ifndef __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS
#undef main /* Prevents SDL from overriding main() */
#  define __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS
#endif



#pragma comment (lib,"avcodec.lib")
#pragma comment (lib,"avformat.lib")
#pragma comment (lib,"swscale.lib")
#pragma comment(lib,"avutil.lib")

#include <libavcodec\avcodec.h>
#include <libavformat\avformat.h>
#include <libswscale\swscale.h>
#include <libavutil\mem.h>
#include <libavutil/opt.h>
#include <libavutil\channel_layout.h>
#include <libavutil\common.h>
#include <libavutil\imgutils.h>
#include <libavutil\mathematics.h>
#include <libavutil\samplefmt.h>

}


using namespace std;


void open_video(AVFormatContext*oc , AVCodec *codec, AVStream * st)
{
int ret;
AVCodecContext *c ;
c = st->codec;

/*open codec */

cout << "probably starts here" << endl;
ret = avcodec_open2(c,codec,NULL);
cout << "and ends here" << endl;

if ( ret < 0)
{
    cout << ("Could not open video codec") << endl;
}


}






/*This function will add a new stream to our file.
@param
oc -> Format context that the new stream will be added.
codec -> codec of the stream, this will be passed.
codec_id -> 
chWidth->
chHeight->
*/

AVStream * addStream(AVFormatContext * oc, AVCodec **codec, enum AVCodecID codec_id, int chWidth,        int chHeight, int fps)
{
AVCodecContext *c;
AVStream *st;

//find encoder of the stream, it passes this information to @codec, later on
//it will be used in encoding the video @ avcodec_encode_video2 in loop.
*codec = avcodec_find_encoder(AV_CODEC_ID_H264);

if ( (*codec) == NULL)
    cout << "ERROR CAN NOT FIND ENCODER! ERROR! ERROR! AVCODEC_FIND_ENCODER FAILED !!!1 """ << endl;

if(!(*codec))
    printf ("Could not find encoder for ' %s ' ", avcodec_get_name(codec_id));


//create a new stream with the found codec inside oc(AVFormatContext).
st = avformat_new_stream ( oc, *codec);

if (!st)
    cout << " Cannot allocate stream " << endl;

//Setting the stream id.
//Since, there can be other streams in this AVFormatContext,
//we should find the first non used index. And this is oc->nb_streams(number of streams) - 1
st ->id = oc ->nb_streams - 1;

c = st->codec;

//setting the stream's codec's properties.
c-> codec_id = codec_id;
c->bit_rate = 4000000;
c->width = chWidth;
c->height = chHeight;
c->time_base.den = fps;
    //fps;
c->time_base.num = 1;
c->gop_size = 12;
c->pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P;

if (c->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG2VIDEO) {
        /* just for testing, we also add B frames */
        c->max_b_frames = 2;
    }


if (c->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO) {
        /* Needed to avoid using macroblocks in which some coeffs overflow.
         * This does not happen with normal video, it just happens here as
         * the motion of the chroma plane does not match the luma plane. */
        c->mb_decision = 2;
    }

/* Some formats want stream headers to be separate. */
 if (oc->oformat->flags & AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER)
    c->flags |= CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;

//returning our lovely new brand stream.
return st;


}

int changeResolution ( string source, int format )
{
//Data members
struct SwsContext   *sws_ctx = NULL;
AVFrame             *pFrame = NULL;
AVFrame             *outFrame = NULL;   
AVPacket            packet;
uint8_t             *buffer = NULL;
uint8_t endcode[] = { 0, 0, 1, 0xb7 };
AVDictionary        *optionsDict = NULL;
AVFormatContext     *pFormatCtx = NULL; 
AVFormatContext     *outputContext = NULL;
AVCodecContext      *pCodecCtx;
AVCodec             *pCodec ;
AVCodec             *codec;
AVCodec             *videoCodec;
AVOutputFormat      *fmt;
AVStream            *video_stream;
int                 changeWidth;
int                  changeHeight;
int                 frameFinished;
int                 numBytes;
int                 fps;


int lock = 0;

//Register all codecs & other important stuff. Vital!..
av_register_all();


//Selects the desired resolution.
if (format == 0)
{
    changeWidth = 320;
    changeHeight = 180;
}

else if (format == 1)
{
    changeWidth = 640;
    changeHeight = 480;

}
else if (format == 2)
{
    changeWidth = 960;
    changeHeight = 540;

}
else if (format == 3)
{
    changeWidth = 1024;
    changeHeight = 768;

}
else
{
    changeWidth = 1280;
    changeHeight = 720;
}


// Open video file
int aaa;
aaa = avformat_open_input(&pFormatCtx, source.c_str(), NULL, NULL) ;
if(aaa !=0)
{
    cout << " cannot open input file \n" << endl;
    cout << "aaa = " << aaa  << endl;
     return -1; // Couldn't open file   
}

// Retrieve stream information
if(av_find_stream_info(pFormatCtx)<0)
    return -1; // Couldn't find stream information

//just checking duration casually for no reason
/*int64_t duration = pFormatCtx->duration;

cout << "the duration is " << duration << " " << endl;*/

//this writes the info about the file
av_dump_format(pFormatCtx, 0, 0, 0);
cin >> lock;

// Find the first video stream
int videoStream=-1;
int i;

for(i=0; i<3; i++)
     if(pFormatCtx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
      videoStream=i;
      cout << " lel \n " ;
     break;

 }


if(videoStream==-1)
    return -1; // Didn't find a video stream

// Get a pointer to the codec context for the video stream
pCodecCtx=pFormatCtx->streams[videoStream]->codec;
fps = pCodecCtx -> time_base.den;



//Find the decoder of the input file, for the video stream
pCodec=avcodec_find_decoder(pCodecCtx->codec_id);

if(pCodec==NULL) {
    fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported codec!\n");
    return -1; // Codec not found
}


// Open codec, you must open it first, in order to use it.
if(avcodec_open2(pCodecCtx, pCodec, &optionsDict)<0)
return -1; // Could not open codec


// Allocate video frame ( pFrame for taking the packets into, outFrame for processed frames to packet.)
 pFrame=avcodec_alloc_frame();
 outFrame = avcodec_alloc_frame();


i=0;

int ret;
int video_frame_count = 0;

//Initiate the outFrame set the buffer & fill the properties
numBytes=avpicture_get_size(PIX_FMT_YUV420P, changeWidth, changeHeight);
buffer=(uint8_t *)av_malloc(numBytes*sizeof(uint8_t));
    avpicture_fill((AVPicture *)outFrame, buffer, PIX_FMT_YUV420P, changeWidth, changeHeight );  


int pp;
int frameNo = 0;

//allocate the outputContext, it will be the AVFormatContext of our output file. 
//It will try to find the format by giving the file name.
avformat_alloc_output_context2(&outputContext,NULL,NULL, "myoutput.mp4");

//Cant find the file extension, using MPEG as default.
if (!outputContext) {
    printf("Could not deduce output format from file extension: using MPEG.\n");
    avformat_alloc_output_context2(&outputContext, NULL, "mpeg", "myoutput.mp4");
}

//Still cant set file extension, exit.
if (!outputContext) {
    return 1;
}

//set AVOutputFormat fmt to our outputContext's format.
fmt = outputContext -> oformat;
video_stream = NULL;

//If fmt has a valid codec_id, create a new video stream.
//This function will set the streams codec & codecs desired properties.
//Stream's codec will be passed to videoCodec for later usage.
if (fmt -> video_codec != AV_CODEC_ID_NONE)
    video_stream = addStream(outputContext, &videoCodec, fmt ->video_codec, changeWidth, changeHeight,fps);


//open the video using videoCodec. by avcodec_open2() i.e open the codec.
if (video_stream)   
    open_video(outputContext, videoCodec, video_stream);

//Creating our new output file.
if (!(fmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
    ret = avio_open(&outputContext->pb, "toBeStreamed.264", AVIO_FLAG_WRITE);
    if (ret < 0) {
        cout << " cant open file " << endl;
        return 1;
      }
   }

//Writing the header of format context.
//ret = avformat_write_header(outputContext, NULL);

if (ret >= 0) {
    cout << "writing header success !!!"  << endl;
}


  //Start reading packages from input file.
 while(av_read_frame(pFormatCtx, &packet)>=0  ) {

// Is this a packet from the video stream?  
if(packet.stream_index==videoStream) {

// Decode video package into frames
ret = avcodec_decode_video2(pCodecCtx, pFrame, &frameFinished, &packet);

if( ret < 0)
{
    printf ( " Error decoding frame !!.." );
    return ret;
}

if (frameFinished){
    printf("video_frame n:%d    coded_n:%d\n" , video_frame_count++, pFrame->coded_picture_number);
}

av_free_packet(&packet);

//do stuff with frame, in this case we are changing the resolution.
static struct SwsContext *img_convert_ctx_in = NULL;
if (img_convert_ctx_in == NULL)
{
    img_convert_ctx_in =sws_getContext( pCodecCtx->width,
        pCodecCtx->height, 
        pCodecCtx->pix_fmt,
        changeWidth,
        changeHeight,
        PIX_FMT_YUV420P,
        SWS_BICUBIC,
        NULL,
        NULL, 
        NULL ); 

}
//scale the frames
sws_scale(img_convert_ctx_in,
    pFrame->data, 
    pFrame->linesize,
    0, 
    pCodecCtx->height, 
    outFrame->data,
    outFrame->linesize);

//initiate the pts value
if ( frameNo == 0)
    outFrame->pts = 0;


    //calculate the pts value & set it.
    outFrame->pts += av_rescale_q(1, video_stream->codec->time_base, video_stream->time_base);

    //encode frames into packages. Package passed in @packet.
    if(avcodec_encode_video2(outputContext->streams[0]->codec, &packet, outFrame, &pp) < 0 )
      cout << "Encoding frames into packages, failed. " <<  endl;

    frameNo++;

    //write the packages into file, resulting in creating a video file.
    av_interleaved_write_frame(outputContext,&packet);


  }

}



av_free_packet(&packet);
//av_write_trailer(outputContext);

avio_close(outputContext->pb);



 // Free the RGB image
 av_free(buffer);
 av_free(outFrame);

 // Free the YUV frame
 av_free(pFrame);

// Close the codec
avcodec_close(video_stream->codec);
avcodec_close(pCodecCtx);

// Close the video file
avformat_close_input(&pFormatCtx);

return 0;


}

в конце процесса я получаю желаемый файл с нужным кодеком, контейнером и разрешением.

Моя проблема в том, что в части нашего проекта мне нужно получить элементарные видеопотоки в файле. Такой как пример. 264. Однако я не могу добавить поток без созданияAVFormatContext, Я не могу создать AVFormatContext, потому что 264 файла не имеют контейнера, они просто необработанное видео? Насколько я знаю.

Я пробовал способ в decoding_encoding.c, который используетFWRITE, Однако этот пример был для кодека mpeg-2, и когда я пытался адаптировать этот код к кодеку H264 / AVC, я получал ошибку «деление с плавающей точкой на ноль» из mediainfo, и, кроме того, некоторые свойства видео не отображались (например, как FPS & playtime & добротность). Я думаю, что это связано с «конечным кодом», который пример добавляет в конце кода. Это для MPEG-2. (uint8_t endcode [] = {0, 0, 1, 0xb7};)

Во всяком случае, я хотел бы получить отправную точку для этой задачи. Мне удалось зайти так далеко, используя интернет-ресурсы (довольно мало и устаревшие для ffmpeg), но теперь я немного застрял.